Alpha Particle
A highly energetic positively charged particle emitted by the radioactive nuclei.
Atomic Number
The total number of protons present in a nucleus.
Binding Energy
The minimum energy required to break the nucleus into its constituent nucleons.
Binding Fraction
The binding energy of a nucleus is divided by its mass number.
Deuterium
An isotope of hydrogen with mass number 2.
Differential Scattering Cross Section
The cross-section of the scattering per unit solid angle.
Electron Volt
The energy gained when a single electron is accelerated by a potential difference of 1 volt.
Femtometer
A unit of measurement of length frequently used in nuclear physics, equal to 10-15 meters, is also known as Fermi.
Fermi Distribution
The distribution indicates the nuclear charge density in the nucleus.
Form Factor
In scattering, the ratio by which the scattering cross section is reduced when the charge is spread out over a finite volume.
Ground State
The lowest energy state in which the nucleus is present.
Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle
It is a fundamental limit restricting the accuracy of the measurement of canonically conjugate variables simultaneously.
Hydrogen
The lightest element present in the Universe consists of only one proton in the nucleus.
Impact Parameter
The perpendicular distance from the nucleus to the asymptotic line of the trajectory of the positively charged particles as it is scattered towards the nucleus.
Ionization Energy
The minimum energy required to remove an electron from the outermost orbit of an atom.
Isobars
Nuclei with the same mass number.
Isotones
Nuclei with the same neutron number but different atomic numbers.
Isotopes
Nuclei with the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
Magic Number
The particular values of neutron number or the atomic number for which the nuclei are found to be extremely stable.
Mass Defect
The difference in the measured mass of a nucleus and the atomic mass of a nucleus or the difference between the mass of the product and parent nuclei in a nuclear reaction.
Mass Number
The total number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus.
Matter Waves
The waves of the matter according to de Broglie’s hypothesis.
Mean Radius
The radius of the nucleus at which the density of the nucleus reduces to half its value at the center.
Mirror Nuclei
The pairs of isobaric nuclei are known as mirror nuclei.
Neutron
An electrically neutral particle about the size of a proton is present in the nucleus.
Neutron Number
The total number of neutrons present in the nucleus.
Neutron Scattering Experiments
Experiments in which monoenergetic beams of fast neutrons get scattered by the nuclei.
Nuclear Charge
The total of all the charges of the nucleons present in a nucleus.
Nuclear Radius
The radius of the nucleus.
Nuclear Radius Parameter
A constant of proportionality in the equation relating nuclear radius and mass number.
Nucleon
Protons and neutrons present in the nucleus are together known as nucleons.
Nucleus
A region is present in the center of all atoms, consisting of protons and neutrons.
Packing Fraction
The mass defect of an atom is divided by its mass number.
Photoelectric Effect
The spontaneous emission of electrons from the surface of a material when the radiation of suitable frequency is incident on it.
Proton
A positively charged particle is present in the nucleus.
Quanta
Particles of light, formally known as Photons.
Q-Value
The difference in the mass energies of the product and parent nucleus in a nuclear reaction.
Radioactivity
Radioactivity is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus disintegrates and emits energy by radiation.
Radioisotopes
Unstable isotopes are artificially produced in nuclear reactions.
Relative Abundance
The proportion of an isotope of an element in the mixture of different isotopes of a particular element.
Rest Energy
The energy possessed by a body due to its mass is equal to mass multiplied by the square of the speed of light.
Rutherford Atomic Model
In the first model of the atom in which the atom was structured as a positively charged nucleus in the center surrounded by revolving electrons.
Schrodinger Wave Function
Mathematical description of a wave packet.
Skin Thickness Parameter
The distance over which the nuclear density reduces from 90% of its central value to 10% of its central value.
Tritium
An isotope of hydrogen with mass number 3.
Unified Atomic Mass Unit
A unit of mass used in nuclear physics is equal to 1/12th the mass of a Carbon-12 atom.
Uranium
Heaviest naturally occurring element with atomic number 92.
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